Bat activity on riparian zones and upper slopes in Australian timber production forests and the effectiveness of riparian buffers

Unlogged buffers are used to ameliorate impacts to riparian areas in timber production forests. One function of these buffers is to protect the biodiversity of riparian areas. We measured bat activity in buffered streams with ultrasonic detectors across four different stream orders in logged, regrowth and mature forests (60 sites). Bat activity, foraging rates and species richness were similar in buffered streams surrounded by logged, regrowth and mature forests, suggesting that riparian areas effectively provide habitat for foraging and commuting bats in selectively logged forests. Vespadelus pumilus was the only species that responded to logging history, with decreased activity in mature forests. We found higher activity on larger rather than smaller order streams, a pattern also not affected by logging history. Bat activity along paired forest trail flyways on upper slopes (60 sites) was measured simultaneously with riparian flyway activity (for a total of 120 sites) to determine the importance of riparian areas relative to other available flyways. Activity was higher on upper slopes than on small streams, but similar to levels on larger streams. Total foraging activity was similar between riparian zones and upper slopes. Upper slopes contained higher species diversity, with Chalinolobus gouldii, Miniopterus schreibersii, Mormopterus norfolkensis, Scotorepens sp., Vespadelus pumilus and, to a lesser extent, Vespadelus darlingtoni detected more often than along streams. Other species (Rhinolophus megaphyllus, Nyctophilus spp. and Miniopterus australis) were not affected by topography. Estimates of total vegetation cover and, in particular, rainforest cover, were negatively associated with bat activity, highlighting the need for management of forest ‘clutter’ in regrowth forests for a suite of bat species. Streams and forest trails provide areas of lower clutter, which assist in maintaining high species diversity in regrowth forests. Our results support the use of riparian buffers, and point to the need for greater recognition of tracks on upper slopes as important habitat.     

数控专业科技英语的特点及翻译方法

要阅读和查阅数控机床、数控系统的产品说明书及户使用手册等英文资料,就要求数控专业的技术人员或者专家具有良好的科技英语翻译能力。通过翻译西门子802C数控系统操作与编程英文手册中的一些英文实例,阐述了数控专业科技英语的特点及翻译中的一些方法,提出了专业科技英语翻译时所需要具备的能力。     

园林专业人才培养模式与课程体系的构建

根据高职教育特点与园林行业用人需求，从专业调研入手，分析了园林工程技术专业的岗位及其对能力需求的特点，确定了“工学结合，二二一一全程在岗，公司＋项目＋服务＋工作组”的人才培养模式，对职业能力进行分析，构建园林专业“四大平台”教学体系，实现“基础宽、实践能力强、综合素质高、专门技能特”的人才培养。     

Herbicide savings and economic benefits of several strategies to control Sorghum halepense in maize crops

This study was conducted to assess the herbicide savings and the cost efficiency of site-specific herbicide application strategies in comparison with other strategies based on uniform application of herbicides throughout the whole field. The specific situation considered was Sorghum halepense infested maize fields in Spain. The results from a theoretical economic model were contrasted with the information derived from a S. halepense survey conducted in 37 commercial maize fields distributed over three Spanish maize production areas. Seven application strategies were simulated: 1) no herbicide; 2) overall full-rate; 3) overall half-rate; 4) and 5) site-specific spraying infested cells with full- and half-rate, respectively; 6) and 7) site-specific spraying infested cells plus adjacent buffer areas with full- and half-rate, respectively. The simulation results showed that site-specific weed management was the most profitable strategy when S. halepense infested area ranged between 6.5 and 18.7%. This scenario was present in 22% of the surveyed fields. In fields with less than 6.5% infestation (a situation present in 51% of the surveyed fields), yield losses were slight and the most profitable strategy was using no herbicide. When the infested area ranged between 18.7 and 40.8% (19% of the surveyed fields), no significant differences were observed between the net benefits of the various strategies. Full rate herbicide applications throughout the entire field resulted in the highest net returns in fields with more than 40.8% weed infestation (8% of the surveyed fields). In these cases, the added costs of weed detection, mapping and site-specific herbicide application were not justified by the herbicide savings obtained. Likewise, herbicide savings obtained with the various strategies depended on the proportion of the field infested. Considering the high difference between site-specific treatments and uniform application of herbicides when the infested area ranged between 18.7 and 40.8%, and that no significant differences in net returns were observed in this range, site-specific treatments should be preferred. Adding a buffer area to the site-specific treatments does not seem a suitable strategy due to the considerable increases in costs and reductions in herbicide savings.     

我国高校环境科学专业本科人才培养改革浅探

随着环境问题的日益复杂以及科技的快速发展,我国传统的环境科学专业人才培养模式已不能适应社会发展的需要。该文通过分析我国目前环境科学专业人才培养存在问题,提出环境科学专业人才培养应采取的思路和具体途径,旨在为我国环境科学专业建设与发展提供参考。     

项目教学法在高职高专种植类专业教学中的运用

高职高专种植类专业课程的特点必须注重实操性与创新性.为了培养高素质、高能力、复合型人才,要求教师必须不断探索新的教学方法.本文介绍了一种在各国高校其它专业已经成功应用的“项目教学法”,结合作者几年的教学实践经验总结,重点探讨了“项目教学法”在本专业的操作优势和具体实施过程,同时指出该教学法存在的局限性和应注意事项,为在种植类专业各课程中推广“项目教学法”提出一些建设性措施和方法.     

一种真鲷球形病毒的形态及细胞病理学电子显微镜观察

对１９９５年青岛地区患病真鲷肝脏、肠上皮组织、贤脏、鳃等组织进行电镜观察，发现一种球形病毒，该病毒具有囊腊，直径为８０￣１００ｎｍ，在核和细胞质中均形成不规则形态包涵体；细胞病理变化表现为核内染色质变性，核膜水肿变形且部分溶解，内质网膨胀，胞质内有大量游离核糖体分布，线粒体外膜及内嵴变形且有少量溶解。     

摄食水平和饵料种类对3种海洋鱼类生长和生长效率的影响

采用室内流水模拟法测定了摄食水平与铒料生物种类对真鲷、黑鲷、黑Ｊｕｅ特定生长率和生长效率的影响。３种实验鱼类的物壹生长率均随摄食水平增大呈减速增长趋势。二者间的定量关系和对数曲线描述；而其生长效率则均随摄食水平增大呈倒“Ｕ”形变化趋势。二者间的定量关系可用二次曲线描述，曲线相关检验结果表明，其特定生长率和生长效率与摄食水平之间均呈显著相关关系。依据上述定量关系，分别求得３种鱼的维持摄食量和最佳摄食     

Identification of gut‐associated amylase,cellulase and protease‐producing bacteria in three species of Indian major carps

Isolation and enumeration of amylase, cellulase and protease‐producing autochthonous bacteria in the proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine (DI) of three species of Indian major carps, catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and rohu (Labeo rohita), were investigated using the conventional culture‐based technique. Population levels of amylolytic strains were the highest in the PI of catla and the lowest in the DI of rohu. The highest viable count of cellulase and protease‐producing bacteria was recorded in the DI and PI of mrigal respectively. Among the bacteria isolated, 10 strains (five from PI and five from DI) were selected as potent enzyme producers according to a quantitative enzyme assay. The chosen strains were further identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The five strains isolated from catla showed high similarity to Citrobacter sp. clone W2, Enterobacter sp. JA24, Bacillus coagulans strain TR, uncultured bacterial clone Hel3bc04 and Bacillus cereus strain UST2006‐BC004. The four strains isolated from mrigal were most closely related to Bacillus sp. KCd2, uncultured bacterial clone Hel3bd09, B. cereus strain BU040901‐020 and Citrobacter freundii strain YRL11, while the strain isolated from rohu probably belonged to Bacillus sp. GV.     

引入耕地生态价值的咸阳市基本农田划定

为了探索科学客观的基本农田划定方法,实现将集中连片和优质稳定的耕地划为基本农田的目标,有效保护耕地和保障国家农业生产安全。该研究以陕西省咸阳市为例,引入耕地生态价值和政策条件多维度评价耕地质量,结合耕地质量空间集聚类型划定耕地保护分区;采用缓冲区分析法识别耕地连片性,耦合耕地保护分区和耕地连片等级,尝试探索“连片优先、质量优良、数量约束”的基本农田划定流程。结果表明:1)咸阳市耕地质量划分为高、较高、一般、较低、低5个等级,全市超过一半面积的耕地质量等级为低和较低等级(35.81%和29.67%),一般和较高等级的耕地面积占比也均超过了10%;不同耕地质量等级在空间分布上的差异受地形和区域经济发展影响较大,耕地质量等级总体上呈现出“南高北低”的空间分布格局;咸阳市耕地质量在空间上呈现出明显的集聚特征,以高-高值集聚型和低-低值集聚型耕地为主;2)将全市耕地划为优先保护区、适宜保护区、重点整治区和全面治理区4个保护分区并提出一些保护建议。全面治理区内耕地面积最多,占全市耕地总面积的35.50%,适宜保护区内耕地面积最少,仅占11.81%;3)咸阳市共得到49 713个耕地连片地块,面积2...